Cooling Water System

The function of a cooling system is to remove heat from processes or equipment.
There are three types of cooling water system.

Once-through
Open recirculating (Evaporative cooling tower)
Closed recirculating

Once-Through cooling systems are most often used to cool turbine exhaust in a condenser and provide service water to the plant. The source of supply for once-through systems is usually a lake, river, or ocean due to the large quantities of water needed.

Once-Through cooling system concerns

Deposit control
Corrosion control

For more information on Influent system water treatment, please contact the expert at PCKem Solution today.

Closed looped cooling system is dissipate the process fluid heat load into the ambient air via a closed circuit heat exchanger. This isolates the process fluid from the outside air, keeping it clean and free of contamination.

Typical Closed Loop Cooling System

HVAC Systems
Bearing Cooling
Auxiliary Diesel Generators
Air Compressor Inter-coolers
Air Ejector Inter-coolers
Lube Oil Coolers

Closed looped cooling system concerns

Corrosion
Microbiological

Chemical Treatment for Closed Loop Cooling

Corrosion Inhibitor

Nitrite

Works as anodic passivator and promotes passive iron oxide film. It is low cost chemical and also works in the absence of Oxygen. Limit of Nitrite are only effective on carbon steel may not recommend to stainless steel because passivation reaction will produces Ammonia. If water have nitrifying bacteria, nitride can be degraded.

Molybdate

Works as anodic passivator and promotes passive iron oxide film. It is excellent mild steel corrosion inhibitor and effective on another alloy eg. Cu, Cl, Al, Solder. Molybdate is excellent stability and compatible with oxidizing biocides.

All Organic

Excellent effective on steel and copper. But no specific inhibitor for Al, Cl and Solder. Not compatible with oxidizing biocide.

Biocides

Oxidizers
Spectrus* Microbilogical Control Agents. Regulate the formation/growth of algae, biological slime, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and biofilms

Open Recirculating cooling system uses the same water repeatedly to cool process equipment. Heat absorbed from the process must be dissipated to allow reuse of the water. Cooling towers, spray ponds, and evaporative condensers are used for this purpose.

Cooling tower types can be classified by

Type of Draft

Natural Draft
Mechanical Draft

Direction of Airflow

Cross-flow
Counter-flow

Cooling tower system concerns

Corrosion
Deposition
Microbiological

Chemical Treatment for Cooling Tower

GenGard* Corrosion & Deposition Treatment Programs

Corrosion treatment benefits by GenGard* Technology

Improve productivity and equipment reliability by efficiently maximizing heat transfer, advancing process throughput, reducing cleaning downtime, and extending runs and turnarounds
Ensure reliable performance with superior, cost-competitive protection as compared to market alternatives
Protect assets and safeguard against problems from inevitable upsets and unscheduled shutdowns/cleanings
Reduce total cost of ownership through the ability to use alternative water sources and avoid frequent equipment cleanings

Deposition treatment benefits by GenGard* Technology

Increases unit throughput and heat transfer
Provides superior evaporative cooling
Reduces makeup water costs
Lowers plant discharge volume
Maintains high heat transfer rates in systems with enhanced chiller tubes

Spectrus* Microbilogical Control Agents. Regulate the formation/growth of algae, biological slime, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and biofilms

For more information on Influent system water treatment, please contact the expert at PCKem Solution today.

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